杭州城市引配水系统综合效益评价

以杭州市运河引配水系统为例,围绕引配水工程对自然、社会和经济子系统的影响,分别从其合理性、利润和效益三方面建立了包含3个目标、8个指标和17个因子的城市引配水系统综合效益水平评价指标体系.通过改进信息熵的专家自身权重算法,运用欧式贴近度的模糊综合评价方法,对2003-2008年杭州市运河引配水综合效益水平及变化趋势进行定量评价.结果显示,以改善水质为主要目的的杭州市运河引配水系统自引配水以来,综合效益水平逐年提高,且增长速率逐年增大,其中环境效益最为明显,保持在稳定水平;经济和社会受益较小,但逐年提高.改进的专家自身权重算法有效避免了专家多次打分形成的主观误差,评价更客观、合理.     

单墩抗震性能指标与模型精细度的关联性研究

在考虑桥梁某些重要性能的抗震设计中,以钢筋和混凝土材料应变为基础衍生出的性能指标如曲率、位移等可以有效反映结构的非线性损伤状态。采用ADINA中弹塑性梁单元对单墩进行非线性时程分析,通过对采用不同积分段划分形式的模型分析,考察单墩抗震性能指标与有限元模型精细度的关系。计算结果表明,曲率对模型精度是敏感的,而位移、塑性铰对模型精度则不敏感,可以把塑性铰作为单墩抗震性能指标。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID TRANSPORT IN A SINGLE FILLED FRACTURE BY LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

In this article,the Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(NAPL)transport in the single filled fracture was studied with the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with special consideration of wettability effects.With the help of the model,the contact angle of the non-wetting phase and wetting phase interface at a solid wall could be adjusted.By considering a set of appropriate boundary conditions,the fractured conductivity was investigated in condition that the NAPL blocks the channels in the single filled fracture.In order to study the wettability effects on the NAPL transport,a constant driving force was introduced in the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase LBM.Flow regimes with different wettabilities were discussed.Simulated results show that the LBM is a very instrumental method for simulating and studying the immiscible multiphase flow problems in single filled fracture.     

某单机无穷大电力系统暂态稳定性分析仿真

电力系统是一个复杂的动态系统,系统一旦出现稳定性问题,可能会在较短的时间内发生严重后果,因此,在电力系统规划、设计、运行等工作中都要进行大量的暂态稳定分析。介绍了电力系统时域仿真数学模型,构建了单机无穷大系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明:故障切除时间越短,发电机阻尼越大,系统越容易稳定,且在单相短路接地故障情况下系统最容易稳定。     

RK–Butcher algorithms for singular system-based electronic circuit

In this paper, a new method of analysis for a singular system-based electronic circuits using the Runge–Kutta (RK)–Butcher algorithm is presented for linear time-invariant and time-varying cases. The discrete solutions obtained using the RK–Butcher algorithms are compared with the exact solutions of the electronic circuit problem and are found to be very accurate. Stability regions for the Single term walsh series method and the RK–Butcher algorithms are presented. Error graphs for inductor currents and capacitor voltages are presented in a graphical form to show the efficiency of this method. This RK–Butcher algorithm can be easily implemented in a digital computer and the solution can be obtained for any length of time.     

桩周土开挖条件下桩基础承载特性数值分析

运用桩基础支撑上部既有建筑物地下增层的过程中,随着桩周土减少和桩基础的暴露,桩的承载特性会出现明显变化.文章运用ANSYS有限元程序分析了桩周土开挖前、后以及不同开挖深度等工况下,桩基础承载特性的变化规律.结果表明：随着桩周土开挖深度增大,被开挖段的桩身侧阻力消失,需要增加未开挖部分桩身侧阻力、桩端阻力来增强桩身轴力.同时,也需增大桩基沉降量和桩土间的滑移量.     

Performance of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Electricity Generation by Different Configuration Microbial Fuel Cells

This paper compared the degradation efficiency of sludge organic matters and electric-production by two typical microbial fuel cells——dual-chamber microbial fuel cell(DMFC)and single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell(SAMFC),and the variations of sludge protein,polysaccharide and ammonia nitrogen within the systems were also investigated.The results showed that the concentration of sludge soluble chemical oxygen demand,protein and carbohydrate of DMFC are higher than these of SAMFC during the systems operation,while DMFC can achieve a better ammonia nitrogen removal than SAMFC.Under the same operation condition,the stable voltage output of DMFC and SAMFC is 0.61 V and 0.37 V;the maximum power density of DMFC and SAMFC is 2.79 W/m3and 1.25 W/m3;TCOD removal efficiency of DMFC and SAMFC is 34.14%and 28.63%for 12 d,respectively.Meanwhile,DMFC has a higher coulomb efficiency than SAMFC,but both are less than5%.The results showed that DMFC present a better performance on sludge degradation and electric-production.     

Pressure-impulse diagram with multiple failure modes of one-way reinforced concrete slab under blast loading using SDOF method

Two loosely coupled single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems were used to model the flexural and direct shear responses of one-way reinforced concrete slabs subjected to explosive loading. Blast test results show that the SDOF systems are accurate in predicting the failure mode of the slab under blast loads by incorporating the effects of the strain rate effect caused by rapid load application. Based on different damage criteria, pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams of the two failure modes were analyzed with the SDOF systems. The effects of span length, concrete strength, and reinforcement ratio of the slab on the P-I diagram were also investigated. Results indicate that a slab tends to fail in direct shear mode when it is of a smaller span length and tends to fail in flexure mode when it is of a larger span length. With the increase of the concrete strength or reinforced ratio, both the flexure and shear capacity increase. Based on numerical results, a simplified method and a semi analytical equation for deriving the P-I diagram are proposed for different failure modes and damage levels.     

Oxidation behaviors of Ni-Cr-Al superalloy foams at 1 000 ℃ in air

The oxidation behaviors of Ni-16Cr-xAl （x=4.5%, 9.0%, mass fraction） superalloy foams in air at 1000℃ were investigated. The effects of AI content on the resistance to high temperature oxidation were examined. The oxidation mechanisms of the foams were discussed. The results show that the resistance to the oxidation of the Ni-16Cr-xA1 based alloy at 1 000 ℃ increases with the content of A1 increasing from 4.5% to 9.0%. Complex oxide products are formed on the surface of the superalloy foams after the oxidation. Cr203 and A1203 are the predominant oxides for the scales of the foams with 4.5% A1 and 9% A1, respectively. Excellent high temperature oxidation resistance and superior pore conformation stability for the Ni-16Cr-xA1 based superalloy foam with 9% A1 can be mainly attributed to the formation of relatively continuous and protective A1203 oxides on the surface of the foam.     

硫酸氢盐离子液体萃取氧化脱硫研究

合成了一系列烷基碳链长度不同的1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐离子液体,以质量分数为35％的H2O2为氧化剂,考察了萃取时间、剂油体积比、温度等不同条件对模拟油品的脱硫效果,确定了最佳脱硫实验条件;在最佳实验条件下,考察反应体系对FCC汽油、柴油的脱硫效果。结果表明,[C3mim]HSO4离子液体的脱硫效果最好。在V（[C3mim]HSO4）／V（H2O2）／V（模型油）-1：1：30,60℃的条件下反应90min,对模拟油品及实际油品均有较高的脱硫率,对模拟油品一次脱硫率为88．38％,对抚顺石化公司石油二厂的FCC柴油的一次脱硫率在80％以上,FCC汽油经一次脱硫后,硫的质量分数下降至10μg／g以下,显示了很高的工业应用前景。